Simple — Email OTP
What you need: Nothing more than the email address you have already verified.
1 star
You have a PDF document to sign, just once, and you want neither to create an account nor to take out a monthly subscription for a one-off need. This is exactly the case 1-signature exists for.
There is nothing to install: everything happens in the browser, on a computer, tablet or phone.
Both files remain available for download for seven days. After that, we do not keep them: save them on your own device.
Six levels are offered, from the simplest to the most secure. Level 1 is enough for a low-stakes document; an ordinary contractual commitment benefits from having your identity verified, which level 3 does through FranceConnect (the French government's identity login service); an important deed, or one required in qualified form, calls for levels 5 or 6.
Simple — Email OTP
What you need: Nothing more than the email address you have already verified.
1 star
Advanced — FranceConnect
What you need: An account with any FranceConnect identity provider: impots.gouv.fr (the French tax portal), ameli (French health insurance), etc. Nationality plays no part: anyone who files a tax return in France or is covered by French social security has one. Some authenticate you directly in the browser, others send you to their mobile app: in that case, keep your phone within reach.
3 stars
Qualified — France Identité
What you need: For French nationals only. A credit-card-sized French national identity card, which neither a passport nor a residence permit can replace. It must have been activated in the France Identité app (the French national digital ID app) after certification at a town hall: this is not something you can improvise on the day of signing. When signing, have the card and the smartphone on which the app is installed: you can sign from a computer or on your phone, but your identity is proven on the phone, which reads the card's chip contactlessly.
5 stars